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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
Published on: September 12, 2020
Alastair Carruthers1, Jean Carruthers, Bhushan Hardas
1Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. alastair@carruthers.net
A new 5-point scale accurately grades marionette lines (melomental folds) severity. This reliable photonumeric scale aids objective quantification in clinical research and practice for facial aging concerns.
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