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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
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Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
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Causative Organism
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Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
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Immunosuppression may be present within condyloma acuminata.

Caroline Le Poole1, Cecele J Denman, Jack L Arbiser

  • 1Department of Pathology, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|November 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Condyloma acuminatum lesions create a local immunosuppressive environment by impairing antigen presentation and increasing T-regulatory cells, hindering effective immune responses to human papillomavirus (HPV).

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11:14

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Published on: October 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Condyloma acuminatum, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), are common lesions.
  • While HPV vaccination prevents infection, established lesions are difficult to eradicate, suggesting local immunosuppression.
  • HPV is linked to various human cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunohistochemical markers of cellular immunity in condyloma acuminatum.
  • To analyze T-lymphocyte subsets, dendritic cells, and infected keratinocytes.
  • To examine markers of antigen presentation within condyloma tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical staining of five snap-frozen condyloma lesions.
  • Analysis of T-lymphocyte markers: Fox P3, CD8, and CD25.
  • Assessment of molecules involved in antigen presentation.

Main Results:

  • Condylomas exhibited immunosuppression hallmarks, including increased interleukin-10 production.
  • Decreased expression of transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAPs), CD40, and carbonic anhydrase IX was observed.
  • Reduced dendritic cell counts and increased T-regulatory cell infiltration were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Condyloma lesions induce a local immunosuppressive environment.
  • Deficits in antigen presentation and increased immunosuppressive T-regulatory cells were demonstrated.
  • Strategies to counteract this immunosuppression are needed for effective immune responses against HPV.