Knowledge of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention among hospitalized patients

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a serious cause of patient morbidity and mortality in hospitals, that is highly preventable. Literature strongly supports patient education on VTE prevention as it can promote strategies such as early ambulation and encourages self assessment and self reporting of VTE signs and symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient awareness and knowledge of thromboprophylaxis, as well as patient satisfaction with thromboprophylaxis. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was used, and 48 participants receiving pharmacological thromboprophylaxis participated. Most hospitalized patients (83%) were aware that were receiving injections to prevent blood clots and 81.2% reported hearing of either DVT, PE or both conditions. Of the participants who had heard of DVT and/or PE, 74.2% knew immobility was a risk factor but had limited knowledge of symptoms and prevention modalities. Participants reported hearing about VTE more frequently from friends, family or the media than from healthcare providers, including nurses. Participants were satisfied with pharmacological thromboprophylaxis but were less satisfied with the information received on VTE. Findings suggest that patients require further information on VTE during their hospitalization to enhance their involvement in VTE prevention and recognition, and that the provision of written, patient-directed information could begin to address that lack of involvement. This study also highlights the need to strengthen the nurses' role in providing patient education about VTE.