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Incretin-based therapies in type 2 diabetes: a review of clinical results
Emanuele Bosi1, Pietro Lucotti, Emanuela Setola
1Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy. bosi.emanuele@hsr.it
Abstract:
GLP-1 analogues (incretin mimetics) and DPP-4 inhibitors (incretin enhancers) represent new classes of anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The efficacy and safety of the incretin mimetic exenatide and of the DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, have been clearly demonstrated by a very large number of clinical trials. Efficacy was demonstrated in terms of reduction of HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glucose. Moreover, exenatide showed a favourable effect on weight, while DPP-4 inhibitors were neutral with respect to this outcome. The low rate of hypoglycemic events seen in all studies confirms the glucose dependent action of incretins.
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