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Animal bocaviruses: a brief review
1Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany.
Intervirology
|November 22, 2008
Summary
Animal bocaviruses, bovine parvovirus (BPV) and canine minute virus (CnMV), cause gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, especially in young animals. These widespread viruses can lead to reproductive issues and fetal death.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Pathogen Discovery
Background:
- Bocaviruses, family Parvoviridae, include newly discovered human strains and established animal counterparts.
- Animal bocaviruses like bovine parvovirus (BPV) and canine minute virus (CnMV) have been recognized since the 1960s.
- Bocaviruses possess a unique third open reading frame encoding the non-structural protein NP1.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on bovine parvovirus (BPV) and canine minute virus (CnMV).
- To highlight similarities and differences between animal bocaviruses and other parvoviruses.
- To summarize the pathogenesis and epidemiology of BPV and CnMV.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on BPV and CnMV.
- Analysis of genomic features, including the NP1 protein and VP1-unique region.
- Compilation of data from serosurveys and clinical observations.
Main Results:
- BPV and CnMV share a phospholipase A(2) motif in their VP1-unique region.
- Both viruses cause gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, particularly in young animals.
- Transplacental infection leading to fetal death and reproductive disorders are characteristic.
- Widespread prevalence is indicated by global serosurveys.
- Sialated glycoproteins act as receptors for BPV attachment.
Conclusions:
- Bocaviruses represent a significant veterinary concern due to their widespread nature and pathogenic potential.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the function of the NP1 protein.
- Understanding viral-receptor interactions, like for BPV, is crucial for disease control.
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