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Smoking cessation and inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity: a post hoc analysis
Lirio S Covey1, Jeanne Manubay, Huiping Jiang
1New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. lsc3@columbia.edu
Summary
Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who have hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms showed lower smoking cessation rates. Combined bupropion and nicotine patch treatment aided smokers with inattention but not those with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Addiction Medicine
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to higher tobacco use and lower smoking cessation rates.
- Nicotine's relationship with core ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) may influence smoking cessation.
- Understanding these symptom-specific relationships is crucial for effective smoking cessation interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate smoking abstinence patterns in adult smokers with different ADHD symptom subtypes.
- To determine if ADHD symptom presentation affects smoking cessation outcomes with bupropion and nicotine patch treatment.
Main Methods:
- A post hoc analysis of 583 adult smokers receiving bupropion and nicotine patch treatment.
- Classification of participants into ADHD-inattention and ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity subtypes using the ADHD Current Symptom Scale.
- Abstinence verified by expired carbon monoxide levels at 8 weeks.
Main Results:
- Smokers with either ADHD subtype showed lower overall abstinence rates compared to those without ADHD.
- Smokers with ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (with or without inattention) had significantly lower odds of quitting.
- Smokers with ADHD-inattention did not show significantly different abstinence rates compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Combined bupropion and nicotine patch treatment may be effective for smokers with ADHD-inattention.
- This treatment combination appears less effective for smokers with ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.
- Further research is needed to understand the divergent treatment responses in ADHD subtypes.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
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