[Termination of prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation]

In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms termination of translation differs in many aspects. In the first step of termination the release factors recognize stop codons in A site of the ribosome. These factors are responsible for hydrolysis of peptide-tRNA bond and release of newly synthesized peptide. There is only one factor in eukaryotic cells, called eRF1, whereas in prokaryotic cells there are two factors called RF1 and RF2. In termination of translation in mitochondria, process similar to prokaryotes termination, there is only one factor known, called mitochondrial release factor 1 (mRF1). The research in all these systems has revealed important domains in release factors, which are involved in complicated process of termination of translation. This work summarizes new mechanistic aspects of termination of translation and shows some attempts of visualization of this process in many structural studies.