Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Application of Integration: Problem Solving01:30

Application of Integration: Problem Solving

The process of breathing involves the periodic intake and expulsion of air, known as the respiratory cycle, which typically lasts about five seconds. Modeling the volume of air inhaled into the lungs as a function of time provides insight into both the dynamics and efficiency of pulmonary ventilation. This volume is determined by integrating the airflow rate over time, which captures the cumulative effect of air entering the lungs.Sinusoidal Model of AirflowAirflow during respiration is not...
Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration01:23

Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration

The Physiology of Expiration: A Seamless Respiratory Process
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decreased intracellular [Ca<sup>2+</sup> ] coincides with reduced expression of Dhprα1s, RyR1, and diaphragmatic dysfunction in a rat model of sepsis.

Muscle & nerve·2017
Same author

High levels of positive end-expiratory pressure preserve diaphragmatic contractility during acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats.

Experimental physiology·2015
Same author

Reduced DHPRα1S and RyR1 expression levels are associated with diaphragm contractile dysfunction during sepsis.

Muscle & nerve·2013
Same author

Combined anticancer activity of osthole and cisplatin in NCI-H460 lung cancer cells in vitro.

Experimental and therapeutic medicine·2013
Same author

Inhibitory effect of biopolymer materials on scar formation following trabeculectomy.

International journal of ophthalmology·2012
Same author

Interactive effects of corticosteroid and mechanical ventilation on diaphragm muscle function.

Muscle & nerve·2010
Same journal

Response to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Comparative Evaluation of Risk Scores for Predicting Postoperative Pulmonary Complications".

Respiratory care·2026
Same journal

Respiratory Muscle Dysfunction in Stable COPD: A Multimodal Assessment of Diaphragmatic and Cough-Related Impairment.

Respiratory care·2026
Same journal

Flow Asynchronies During Pressure Support Ventilation in Children: A Bench Model Study.

Respiratory care·2026
Same journal

Inspiratory Effort Assessment Using the Occlusion Pressure-Derived Tension-Time Index.

Respiratory care·2026
Same journal

Clinical Usage of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Across Disease Categories and Care Settings: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan.

Respiratory care·2026
Same journal

Efficacy of Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation Devices as Analyzed in Lung Models: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Peak Expiratory Flow Data.

Respiratory care·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves
07:12

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Published on: August 23, 2011

Bench study on active exhalation valve performance.

Guang-Yu Jiao1, John W Newhart

  • 1Respiratory Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Peoples Republic of China. guangyujiao@yahoo.com

Respiratory Care
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active exhalation valves in mechanical ventilators show varied performance. The Evita XL had higher exhalation resistance than other active valves, but all active valves offered lower resistance than the passive Puritan Bennett 7200ae.

More Related Videos

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves
07:12

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Published on: August 23, 2011

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
08:34

Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns

Published on: September 16, 2019

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Ventilation
  • Respiratory Mechanics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Exhalation valve performance is critical in mechanical ventilation.
  • Active exhalation valves utilize servo-control for gas release during patient expiratory effort.
  • This study evaluates active exhalation valve response to expiratory effort during inspiration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the exhalation resistance and pressure transients of different active exhalation valves.
  • To assess the performance of ventilators with active exhalation valves against a passive system.

Main Methods:

  • Bench study of four ventilators with active exhalation valves (Maquet Servo-i, Newport e500, Puritan Bennett 840, Evita XL) and one without (Puritan Bennett 7200ae).
  • Simulated expiratory efforts during the inspiratory phase using an active test lung.
  • Measured exhalation resistance, pressure overshoot, and pressure undershoot.

Main Results:

  • Evita XL exhibited significantly higher exhalation resistance (6.6 cm H2O/L/s) compared to Servo-i (3.0), e500 (2.6), and 840 (3.5).
  • No significant difference in pressure overshoot was found among the four active exhalation valve ventilators.
  • The passive 7200ae showed significantly higher pressure overshoot than all active valve ventilators.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in exhalation resistance exist among active exhalation valves, with Evita XL being the highest.
  • All tested active exhalation valves demonstrated superior performance (lower exhalation resistance) compared to the passive exhalation valve system.