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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Construction and Application of Cerebral Functional Region-Based Cerebral Blood Flow Atlas Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Arterial Spin Labeling
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Construction and Application of Cerebral Functional Region-Based Cerebral Blood Flow Atlas Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Arterial Spin Labeling

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Continuous flow-driven inversion for arterial spin labeling using pulsed radio frequency and gradient fields.

Weiying Dai1, Dairon Garcia, Cedric de Bazelaire

  • 1Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) method achieves 96% labeling efficiency, overcoming limitations of previous techniques for improved perfusion imaging in clinical settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Continuous labeling in arterial spin labeling (ASL) offers advantages for perfusion studies.
  • Previous continuous labeling methods faced challenges like inefficiency and limited clinical scanner support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel pulsed continuous ASL (PCASL) technique for efficient arterial spin labeling.
  • To evaluate the theoretical, simulated, and in vivo performance of PCASL.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a PCASL technique using rapidly repeated gradient and radio frequency (RF) pulses.
  • Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and in vivo validation at 3T.
  • Assessment of labeling efficiency and comparison to continuous labeling methods.

Main Results:

  • PCASL achieved an in vivo labeling efficiency of 96%, significantly higher than the 33% RF pulse duty cycle.
  • The method demonstrated high efficiency relative to continuous labeling with comparable parameters.
  • Successful implementation of PCASL imaging at 3T using body coil transmission.

Conclusions:

  • The pulsed continuous ASL (PCASL) technique provides a highly efficient method for continuous arterial spin labeling.
  • PCASL overcomes previous implementation challenges, enabling broader clinical application of continuous ASL.
  • This advancement facilitates the realization of continuous labeling benefits in clinical perfusion imaging.