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Related Concept Videos

Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
10:59

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Published on: May 24, 2017

DNA2 resolves expanding flap in mitochondrial base excision repair.

William C Copeland1, Matthew J Longley

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. copelan1@niehs.nih.gov

Molecular Cell
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human DNA2 protein, a nuclear factor in yeast, functions in mammalian mitochondria. It plays a key role in the long-patch base excision repair pathway, crucial for mitochondrial DNA maintenance.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

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A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases
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Published on: December 23, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Human DNA2 was initially identified as a nuclear DNA replication and repair factor in yeast.
  • Recent research has uncovered a novel role for human DNA2 in mammalian cells.

Discussion:

  • The study demonstrates that human DNA2 functions exclusively within mammalian mitochondria.
  • This localization is linked to its role in the long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway.

Key Insights:

  • Human DNA2 is essential for mitochondrial DNA integrity through its involvement in LP-BER.
  • This finding expands our understanding of DNA repair mechanisms beyond the nucleus.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into DNA2's mitochondrial functions could reveal new therapeutic targets for mitochondrial diseases.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms of LP-BER in mitochondria is crucial for future research.