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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria

Basic Methods for the Study of Reproductive Ecology of Fish in Aquaria

Published on: July 20, 2017

An evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish.

Tomoyoshi Komiyama¹, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Yoshio Tateno

¹Tokai University School of Medicine, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.

|November 26, 2008

Summary

Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) evolved from Chinese Crucian carp, with artificial selection beginning with dorsal fin loss. Subsequent diversification of traits like eyes occurred independently, driven by human preferences.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Molecular evolution
Animal genetics

Background:

Goldfish exhibit diverse physical traits resulting from artificial selection.
Understanding goldfish origins is key to studying phenotypic changes via molecular evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the evolutionary origin and history of goldfish.
To analyze the role of artificial selection in goldfish diversification.

Main Methods:

Sequencing of mitochondrial genomes from 44 goldfish and carp samples.
Phylogenetic tree construction using 78 fish sequences (including database data).

Main Results:

Goldfish originated from Chinese Crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), not Japanese Crucian carp.
Artificial selection initiated with dorsal fin loss, followed by eye and other trait diversification.
Specific traits like celestial and telescopic eyes evolved independently.

Conclusions:

Goldfish evolution is strongly shaped by unsystematic artificial selection driven by human aesthetic preferences.
The study provides insights into the molecular basis of artificial selection in fish.