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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Infection and autoimmunity.

Anne Cooke1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK. ac@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk

Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes are rising, possibly due to the reduction of chronic infections. This suggests infections may have historically protected against autoimmune conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases, including Type 1 diabetes, are increasing globally, exceeding genetic explanations.
  • Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors contribute to autoimmune disease development.
  • While specific initiating infections remain elusive, historical roles of infection are being re-evaluated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the hypothesis that the decline of chronic infections in developed nations may contribute to the rise in autoimmune diseases.
  • To compare factors influencing autoimmunity with those affecting childhood leukemia.
  • To analyze the potential protective role of historical infections against autoimmune pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing epidemiological and immunological data.
  • Comparative analysis of etiological factors for autoimmune diseases and childhood leukemia.
  • Examination of historical trends in infection prevalence and autoimmune disease incidence.

Main Results:

  • The increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases cannot be solely attributed to genetic factors.
  • The elimination of chronic infections in developing regions correlates with the emergence of autoimmune conditions.
  • Infection may have historically conferred protection against the development of autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • The reduction in chronic infections is a plausible environmental driver for the increasing prevalence of autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding the interplay between infection, autoimmunity, and other diseases like leukemia is crucial for public health.
  • Further research into the historical and ongoing role of microbial exposure in immune system regulation is warranted.