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An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps
Published on: December 5, 2025
Inadvertent free intercostal artery perforator flaps
James Henderson1, Jonathon J Clibbon, Richard M Haywood
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK. jh@jameshenderson.net
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|November 26, 2008
Summary
This article presents two cases of free lateral intercostal artery perforator flaps, a technically challenging but viable salvage option in reconstructive surgery when the planned thoracodorsal artery perforator flap is not feasible.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Reconstructive Surgery
- Microsurgery
Background:
- Thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps are commonly used in reconstructive surgery.
- Free lateral intercostal artery perforator flaps offer an alternative when the primary plan is unachievable.
Observation:
- Two cases successfully utilized free lateral intercostal artery perforator flaps as a salvage procedure.
- These flaps were raised when the intended thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps were not feasible.
Findings:
- Free intercostal artery perforator flaps present technical challenges, including short pedicles and small vessel diameters.
- Dissection along the intercostal groove may be necessary to achieve adequate pedicle length and vessel caliber.
Implications:
- The free intercostal artery perforator flap serves as a valuable, albeit technically demanding, salvage option in reconstructive microsurgery.
- This technique expands reconstructive possibilities when standard perforator flaps are not viable.
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