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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse
07:15

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

Published on: February 12, 2016

Mixed chimerism to induce tolerance: lessons learned from nonhuman primates.

Toru Murakami1, A Benedict Cosimi, Tatsuo Kawai

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Transplantation Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA.

Transplantation Reviews (Orlando, Fla.)
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Mixed chimerism successfully induces kidney transplant tolerance in nonhuman primates. This approach, using donor bone marrow transplants, offers a promising strategy for preventing allograft rejection in clinical settings.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse
07:15

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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Transplantation immunology
  • Chimerism research
  • Immunological tolerance induction

Background:

  • Mixed chimerism is a proven method for inducing transplant tolerance.
  • Previous rodent studies informed the development of a clinical-grade regimen.
  • Nonmyeloablative preparative regimens are key for successful chimerism induction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize findings on inducing mixed chimerism and allograft tolerance.
  • To highlight the efficacy of a nonmyeloablative regimen in nonhuman primates.
  • To demonstrate the clinical relevance of mixed chimerism for transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a nonmyeloablative preparative regimen for donor bone marrow transplantation.
  • Inducing mixed chimerism in major histocompatibility complex fully mismatched cynomolgus monkeys.
  • Extending the approach to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched and mismatched kidney transplant recipients.

Main Results:

  • Successful induction of mixed chimerism and renal allograft tolerance in cynomolgus monkeys.
  • Demonstrated efficacy of the preparative regimen in a nonhuman primate model.
  • Successful extension of the mixed chimerism approach to human kidney transplant recipients.

Conclusions:

  • Mixed chimerism is an effective strategy for achieving long-term allograft tolerance.
  • The developed nonmyeloablative regimen is clinically relevant for inducing tolerance.
  • This approach holds significant promise for improving outcomes in kidney transplantation.