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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
10:51

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists

Published on: November 15, 2013

Integrated view on 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.

Gabriele Moeller1, Jerzy Adamski

  • 1Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany. gabriele.moeller@helmholtz-muenchen.de

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) are key enzymes in steroid metabolism. Recent studies reveal their broader roles in diverse metabolic pathways, offering new insights into their physiological functions and associated diseases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
10:51

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists

Published on: November 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • 17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) are crucial enzymes traditionally recognized for regulating steroid hormone potency.
  • Emerging evidence highlights their significant involvement in numerous other metabolic pathways beyond steroid hormone regulation.
  • This expanding understanding necessitates a shift towards metabolomic surveys to fully characterize 17beta-HSD functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the metabolic activities of various 17beta-HSD enzymes.
  • To summarize the interplay between 17beta-HSDs and their endogenous substrates.
  • To illustrate the complex network of metabolic pathways interconnected with 17beta-HSDs.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of 17beta-HSD metabolic activities.
  • Review and summarization of literature on 17beta-HSD interactions with substrates.
  • Depiction of metabolic pathway interconnections.

Main Results:

  • Detailed comparison of 17beta-HSD enzymatic functions across different pathways.
  • Comprehensive summary of endogenous substrates and their interactions with 17beta-HSDs.
  • Elucidation of the intricate metabolic network involving 17beta-HSDs.

Conclusions:

  • 17beta-HSDs play a more extensive role in metabolism than previously understood.
  • Understanding these enzymes' interplay is vital for deciphering physiological roles.
  • This research provides strategies for investigating 17beta-HSDs in disease predisposition.