Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2026
09:54
Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
Published on: December 3, 2019
Primary HIV infection with multisystemic presentation
José Ramón Paño-Pardo1, María L Alcaide, Lilian Abbo
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. joserrapa@gmail.com
Summary
Diagnosing primary HIV infection (PHI) is crucial for preventing transmission. This case highlights an unusual PHI presentation with widespread organ damage, emphasizing the need for increased clinical suspicion.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Primary HIV infection (PHI) diagnosis is vital for patient care and public health due to high transmissibility.
- PHI diagnosis is often challenging due to non-specific clinical presentations.
Observation:
- A patient presented with extensive multiple organ involvement including fever, rhabdomyolysis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, renal infarcts, acute renal failure, and anemia.
- This presentation occurred in the context of documented HIV seroconversion.
Findings:
- The patient's severe multi-organ disease was identified as an unusual manifestation of primary HIV infection.
- Documented HIV seroconversion confirmed the etiological link to the observed clinical syndrome.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering PHI in patients with unexplained multi-organ failure, even with atypical symptoms.
- Early and accurate diagnosis of PHI is critical to initiate timely treatment and implement effective public health interventions to prevent further HIV transmission.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Cryptococcal Meningitis
Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
01:27Cytomegalovirus Disease
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
01:25Immunodeficiency Diseases
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
01:28Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...