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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Eosinophilic esophagitis.

Chris A Liacouras1

  • 1University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. liacouras@email.chop.edu

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal inflammation diagnosed by clinicopathology. Increased recognition and incidence contribute to more pediatric diagnoses, with food allergens playing a key role.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathologic diagnosis characterized by localized esophageal eosinophilic inflammation.
  • Recent years have seen a significant rise in pediatric EoE diagnoses, attributed to increased disease recognition and actual incidence.
  • EoE is defined by ≥15 esophageal eosinophils/high-power field unresponsive to acid suppression therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) diagnosis, incidence, and management.
  • To highlight the role of food allergens in EoE pathogenesis.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for EoE.

Main Methods:

  • Clinicopathologic criteria for EoE diagnosis.
  • Review of diagnostic trends in pediatric EoE.
  • Analysis of proposed etiological factors, including food allergens.
  • Summary of established treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • EoE diagnosis requires specific esophageal eosinophil counts and symptom presentation.
  • Pediatric EoE diagnoses have notably increased.
  • Food allergens are implicated as a significant factor in EoE development.
  • Dietary modifications and steroid therapies are primary treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • EoE is a distinct esophageal inflammatory condition with increasing prevalence, particularly in children.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on integrating clinical symptoms with specific histopathological findings.
  • Management strategies focus on allergen avoidance and anti-inflammatory treatments.