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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Hormonal Regulation01:40

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...

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Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

Science, hormesis and regulation.

H Douglas1

  • 1University of Tennessee, 808 McClung Tower, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0480, USA. hdouglas@utk.edu

Human & Experimental Toxicology
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormesis, a biological response, is not yet reliable enough for policy decisions due to limited predictive success. Current chemical regulations prioritize harm prevention over maximizing public health benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Risk Assessment
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Hormesis is a dose-response phenomenon where a beneficial effect occurs at low doses and a harmful effect at high doses.
  • The application of hormesis in policy-making remains controversial due to scientific uncertainties.
  • Existing regulatory frameworks primarily focus on mitigating risks from chemical exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the suitability of hormesis as a basis for policy-making.
  • To examine the predictive power and reliability of the hormesis hypothesis.
  • To contrast the principles of harm prevention with benefit maximization in regulatory science.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing scientific literature on hormesis.
  • Analysis of the predictive successes and limitations of hormesis in toxicological studies.
  • Examination of the ethical and practical considerations in regulatory policy.

Main Results:

  • The hormesis hypothesis, while having explanatory value, lacks sufficient predictive success for policy-making.
  • The reliability of hormesis as a general principle for risk assessment is not yet established.
  • Ethical considerations in chemical regulation favor protecting populations from harm over pursuing potential benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Hormesis is currently not a scientifically robust foundation for establishing public policy.
  • Policy decisions regarding chemical exposures should prioritize established risk assessment protocols.
  • Future research may strengthen the evidence base for hormesis, but current limitations preclude its use in policy.