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Related Concept Videos

Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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On the level: IRGM gene function is all about expression.

Alan Huett1, Steven A McCarroll, Mark J Daly

  • 1Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Autophagy
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a large deletion in the Immunity-Related GTPase family, M (IRGM) gene linked to Crohn disease. This finding impacts understanding of Crohn disease genetics and IRGM gene function in immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Crohn disease is a complex inflammatory bowel disease with uncertain genetic causes.
  • Advances in genetic technologies are crucial for understanding disease predisposition.
  • Autophagy plays a significant role in gut immunity and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Immunity-Related GTPase family, M (IRGM) gene in Crohn disease.
  • To identify genetic variations associated with Crohn disease risk.
  • To explore the functional impact of genetic variations on IRGM expression and function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism typing and deep sequencing.
  • Analyzed genetic data to identify deletions and polymorphisms in the IRGM gene.
  • Examined the effects of genetic variations on IRGM allele expression levels.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a large deletion upstream of the IRGM gene that confers significant risk for Crohn disease.
  • Observed that this deletion affects IRGM allele expression levels.
  • Identified promoter polymorphisms that may influence tissue-specific IRGM expression.

Conclusions:

  • The identified IRGM deletion is a major genetic risk factor for Crohn disease.
  • Understanding IRGM's role in autophagy is critical for elucidating its function in Crohn disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand IRGM's complex role in immunity and gut health.