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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Sites for measuring blood pressure01:21

Sites for measuring blood pressure

Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Perinatal brachial plexus palsy.

John Andersen1, Joe Watt, Jaret Olson

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics and.

Paediatrics & Child Health
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perinatal brachial plexus palsy (PBPP) is unpredictable, with 25% of infants experiencing permanent impairment. Early referral to a multidisciplinary team is crucial if recovery is incomplete by one month.

Keywords:
Brachial plexusDeliveryFetusNewbornPalsy

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Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
06:51

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

Published on: December 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
06:51

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

Published on: December 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Obstetrics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Perinatal brachial plexus palsy (PBPP) is a birth-related condition causing arm paralysis.
  • Affects 0.42 to 5.1 infants per 1000 live births, involving nerves C5 to T1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify antenatal factors and preventive measures for PBPP.
  • Review PBPP's natural history and outcomes of surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
  • Searched EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library until June 2005.
  • Used keywords: brachial plexus, birth injury, obstetric paralysis.

Main Results:

  • No prospective studies on PBPP cause or prevention; may occur antenatally.
  • PBPP is unpredictable, associated with shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, maternal diabetes, and instrumental delivery.
  • Residual deficits affect 20-30% of infants, contrary to previous optimistic views; surgical repair benefits severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • PBPP risk is unpredictable, limiting preventive measures.
  • 25% of affected infants have permanent impairment.
  • Multidisciplinary team referral is necessary for incomplete recovery by one month; further research is needed.