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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...

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The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score (PRIUS): A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
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The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score (PRIUS): A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

Follow-up issues with multiples.

Aideen M Moore1, Karel O'Brien

  • 1Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.

Paediatrics & Child Health
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple pregnancies, often due to assisted reproductive technologies, increase risks for complications and developmental issues in infants. Careful neurodevelopmental follow-up is crucial for these children.

Keywords:
Follow-upMultiple pregnancyNeurodevelopmental outcomePrematurity

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Published on: March 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Neonatology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Multiple pregnancy rates are rising globally, primarily due to assisted reproductive technologies.
  • Multiple pregnancies carry increased risks of complications such as intrauterine growth restriction, monochorionic placental issues, and preterm delivery.
  • Infants from multiple births face higher risks of cerebral palsy, abnormal cognitive development, and learning disabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increased risks associated with multiple pregnancies.
  • To emphasize the need for specialized neurodevelopmental follow-up for infants from multiple births.
  • To differentiate follow-up care based on infant risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on multiple pregnancies and infant outcomes.
  • Analysis of risks associated with chorionicity and prematurity in multiple births.
  • Recommendations for tailored neurodevelopmental follow-up strategies.

Main Results:

  • Infants from multiple pregnancies exhibit significantly higher rates of neurodevelopmental challenges.
  • Complications like prematurity, low birth weight, and placental issues contribute to adverse outcomes.
  • Parenting and family dynamics may also influence long-term development in multiples.

Conclusions:

  • Infants born from multiple pregnancies require vigilant neurodevelopmental monitoring.
  • High-risk infants (e.g., <1000g birth weight, complicated neonatal course) necessitate specialized multidisciplinary follow-up clinics.
  • Lower-risk infants may receive appropriate care from community-based general pediatricians.