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Malaria

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages

Published on: May 30, 2019

Paediatric malaria: What do paediatricians need to know?

Susan M Kuhn¹, Anne E McCarthy

¹Alberta Children's Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

Paediatrics & Child Health

|November 26, 2008

Summary

Malaria is a severe infectious disease, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinicians in Canada must recognize imported malaria cases in children for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:

Children Immigration Imported Malaria Travel

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Area of Science:

Global Health
Infectious Diseases
Pediatrics

Background:

Malaria is a significant global infectious disease, predominantly affecting tropical and subtropical regions.
It causes over one million deaths annually, primarily among children in sub-Saharan Africa.
Imported malaria cases are a concern in non-endemic countries like Canada, with significant numbers reported annually, including in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To emphasize the importance of malaria awareness among Canadian clinicians, especially pediatricians.
To guide healthcare providers in recognizing, diagnosing, and treating malaria in travelers and migrants.
To promote effective prevention strategies for malaria in non-endemic settings.

Main Methods:

This abstract does not detail specific methods but outlines the clinical importance and management approach for malaria.

Main Results:

Malaria is a potentially severe and fatal disease that may be unfamiliar to many Canadian pediatricians.
Annual imported malaria cases in Canada range from 350 to 1100, with 25% affecting children.
Familiarity with clinical presentation, suspicion, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is crucial.

Conclusions:

Canadian clinicians, particularly pediatricians, need to be well-versed in malaria diagnosis and management.
Prompt recognition and treatment are vital for improving outcomes in imported malaria cases.
Effective prevention strategies are essential for reducing the burden of malaria in travelers and migrants.