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Related Concept Videos

Simple Pendulum01:10

Simple Pendulum

A simple pendulum consists of a small diameter ball suspended from a string, which has negligible mass but is strong enough to not stretch. In our daily life, pendulums have many uses, such as in clocks, on a swing set, and on a sinker on a fishing line.
The period of a simple pendulum depends on two factors: its length and the acceleration due to gravity. The period is completely independent of any other factors, such as mass or maximum displacement. For small displacements, a pendulum is...
Physical Pendulum01:06

Physical Pendulum

When a rigid body is hanging freely from a fixed pivot point and is displaced, it oscillates similar to a simple pendulum and is known as a physical pendulum. The period and angular frequency of a physical pendulum are obtained by using the small-angle approximation and drawing parallels with a spring-mass system. The small-angle approximation (sinθ=θ) is valid up to about 14°.
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it describes the mass...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Torsional Pendulum01:09

Torsional Pendulum

A torsional pendulum involves the oscillation of a rigid body in which the restoring force is provided by the torsion in the string from which the rigid body is suspended. Ideally, the string should be massless; practically, its mass is much smaller than the rigid body's mass and is neglected.
As long as the rigid body's angular displacement is small, its oscillation can be modeled as a linear angular oscillation. The amplitude of the oscillation is an angle. The role of mass is played by the...
GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:29

GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

GPI-anchoring is a post-translational, reversible protein modification that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Such proteins are primarily present on the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane.
GPI-anchor structure
A sequence of 11 enzymatic reactions results in the synthesis of the complete GPI anchor consisting of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion. The hydrophobic portion comprises phosphatidylinositol, while the hydrophilic part comprises polar groups like phosphoethanolamine,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

2D-HPLC-MS Technology Combined with Molecular Network for the Identification of Components in Tibetan Medicine Aconitum pendulum
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2D-HPLC-MS Technology Combined with Molecular Network for the Identification of Components in Tibetan Medicine Aconitum pendulum

Published on: December 8, 2023

Two new components from Gnetum pendulum.

Wen-Sheng Xiang1, Ji-Dong Wang, Xiang-Jing Wang

  • 1School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.

Journal of Asian Natural Products Research
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers isolated two novel compounds, 3-O-(13-hydroxy-9Z,11E,15E-octadecatrienoyl) cycloeucalenol and 24'-hydroxy-tetracosyl ferulate, from Gnetum pendulum stems. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic and chemical analyses.

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2D-HPLC-MS Technology Combined with Molecular Network for the Identification of Components in Tibetan Medicine Aconitum pendulum
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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Phytochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Gnetum pendulum is a plant species with potential for novel bioactive compound discovery.
  • The chemical constituents of Gnetum species are not fully explored, particularly those from stem tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new chemical compounds from the dried stems of Gnetum pendulum.
  • To elucidate the structures of novel compounds using spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction and isolation of compounds from Gnetum pendulum stem material.
  • Structure elucidation using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry (MS), and chemical derivatization.
  • Comparison with known compounds using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.

Main Results:

  • Isolation of two new compounds: 3-O-(13-hydroxy-9Z,11E,15E-octadecatrienoyl) cycloeucalenol (1) and 24 ahydroxy-tetracosyl ferulate (2).
  • Identification of one known compound, tetracosyl ferulate (3).
  • Complete structural determination of the new compounds (1 and 2) through comprehensive spectroscopic and chemical analyses.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified and characterized two previously unknown compounds from Gnetum pendulum.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of the phytochemical diversity within the Gnetum genus.
  • The isolated compounds represent potential leads for further pharmacological investigation.