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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Fixed drug eruption and intradermal provocation tests.

Atiya Mahboob1, Tahir Saeed Haroon, Zafar Iqbal

  • 1Department of Dermatoloyg, Shaikh Zayed FPGMI, Lahore.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|November 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intradermal Provocation (IDP) tests effectively identify causative drugs in Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE). Local skin reactions at the injection site accurately predict the drug responsible for FDE lesions.

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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Published on: September 16, 2011

An In Vitro Skin Irritation Test (SIT) using the EpiDerm Reconstructed Human Epidermal (RHE) Model
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Published on: July 13, 2009

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Immunology
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) is a common cutaneous adverse drug reaction.
  • Identifying the causative agent is crucial for patient management and preventing recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic role of Intradermal Provocation (IDP) tests in Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE).
  • To compare the efficacy of IDP with Oral Provocation (OP) in diagnosing FDE.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental study involving 96 patients with FDE.
  • Two-stage testing: Stage I involved intradermal injection of suspected drugs; Stage II involved oral provocation if Stage I was negative.
  • Control tests were performed in healthy individuals and FDE patients using distilled water.

Main Results:

  • Stage I IDP showed positive local reactions (erythematous indurated nodules, urticarial weals) in 46 patients.
  • Stage II OP in 41 patients yielded similar local reactions.
  • No significant difference was found between IDP and OP in eliciting characteristic FDE lesions (p > 0.05). Control tests were negative.

Conclusions:

  • Intradermal Provocation (IDP) tests are reliable for identifying the drug responsible for Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE).
  • The characteristic local skin reactions observed at the IDP injection site correlate with FDE lesions, aiding in diagnosis.