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Haemoglobin polymorphisms affect the oxygen-binding properties in Atlantic cod populations.

Oivind Andersen1, Ola Frang Wetten, Maria Cristina De Rosa

  • 1Nofima, 1430 Aas, Norway CIGENE-Centre of Integrative Genetics, 1430 Aas, Norway. oivind.andersen@akvaforsk.no

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|November 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atlantic cod possess distinct hemoglobin variants adapted to cold, low-oxygen waters. These genetic adaptations in hemoglobin influence oxygen binding and may impact cod populations with climate change.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Identifying genes underlying adaptation is a key challenge in evolutionary biology.
  • Hemoglobins are crucial for oxygen transport, linking environmental conditions to metabolic needs.
  • Studying hemoglobin evolution provides insights into environmental adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify hemoglobin polymorphisms in Atlantic cod populations.
  • To investigate the functional and evolutionary significance of these polymorphisms.
  • To understand the adaptation of cod to varying temperature and oxygen regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Discovery of two hemoglobin polymorphisms in Atlantic cod.
  • Three-dimensional modeling of hemoglobin structure to analyze amino acid replacements.
  • Analysis of hemoglobin variants in populations across different North Atlantic environments.

Main Results:

  • Two key amino acid replacements (Met55beta1Val and Lys62beta1Ala) identified in hemoglobin.
  • These replacements affect oxygen-binding properties by altering quaternary structure and electrostatic features.
  • A high-oxygen-affinity haplotype (Val55-Ala62) is prevalent in cold, low-oxygen adapted cod populations (Arctic, Baltic Sea).
  • A temperature-insensitive haplotype (Met55-Lys62) predominates in southern populations.

Conclusions:

  • Atlantic cod exhibit functional hemoglobin variants adapted to specific environmental conditions.
  • Convergent evolution observed with avian species adapting to high altitudes.
  • Distinct distributions of hemoglobin variants suggest potential impacts of global warming on cod biogeography.