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Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
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Interferon alpha (IFN-α) therapy can induce sarcoidosis, leading to ocular inflammation like uveitis. Early diagnosis and treatment adjustment are crucial for managing this side effect in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Interferon alpha (IFN-α) is a therapeutic agent for viral, autoimmune, and malignant diseases.
  • IFN-α is associated with various side effects, including the recent observation of induced sarcoidosis.
  • This study investigates the potential link between IFN-α therapy and the development of uveitis.

Observation:

  • Three patients undergoing interferon alpha treatment for chronic hepatitis C developed ocular sarcoidosis.
  • Two patients received conventional IFN-α, and one received pegylated IFN-α-2b, all with concurrent ribavirin therapy.
  • The mean duration of IFN-α treatment before uveitis onset was 10 months.

Findings:

  • All three patients were diagnosed with granulomatous panuveitis, some with choroidal granulomas.
  • One patient presented with systemic symptoms including renal failure and fever, with elevated ACE levels.
  • Chest CT confirmed sarcoidosis in another patient; diagnosis was supported by clinical presentation and elevated ACE levels.
  • Ocular inflammation was managed by reducing IFN-α dosage, while ribavirin therapy remained unchanged.

Implications:

  • Uveitis can serve as an indicator of interferon alpha-induced sarcoidosis.
  • Early detection and intervention may lead to a favorable prognosis for IFN-α-associated uveitis.
  • Further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize treatment strategies.