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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
05:23

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage: should we transfuse less?

John M Duggan1

  • 1Division of Clinical Practice and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, 2308, Australia. duggan@hunterlink.net.au

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|November 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Blood transfusions for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding may cause harm. Stored blood can impair clotting and increase infection risk, suggesting conservative transfusion strategies may be beneficial.

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Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
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Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: June 6, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
05:23

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
16:31

Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: June 6, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hematology
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Blood transfusion is standard for acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
  • Transfusion is associated with significant adverse effects, both immediate and delayed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the significance and importance of adverse transfusion side effects.
  • To assess the impact of blood transfusion on hemostasis and infection rates in patients with acute upper GI bleeding.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline.
  • Studies evaluating transfusion effects on hemostasis, infection, and mortality were reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests impaired hemostasis with acute blood volume repletion.
  • Stored blood has immunosuppressive effects, increasing infection rates and mortality.
  • Effects are dependent on transfusion dose and storage duration of blood.

Conclusions:

  • Early blood volume restoration may increase bleeding.
  • Stored blood's immunosuppressive effects warrant consideration.
  • Conservative blood utilization trials are needed for acute GI bleeding management.