[Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis combined with endobronchial tuberculosis]

To evaluate the experience of surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with endobronchial tuberculosis.

The clinical data of 85 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and endobronchial tuberculosis undergoing surgical resection from 1967 to 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. Forty-five cases were bronchial stenosis. Four cases were tracheal stenosis. Sixteen cases underwent right upper lobectomy. One case underwent right upper and middle lobectomy. Three cases underwent right middle lobectomy. Five cases underwent right middle and lower lobectomy. Two cases underwent right lower lobectomy. Twelve cases underwent left upper lobectomy. Four cases underwent left lower lobectomy. Eight cases were assisted with sleeve lobectomy. Six cases underwent right pneumonectomy (with partial tracheal resection and tracheal reconstruction in 3 cases). Thirty cases underwent left pneumonectomy. One case underwent left lower lobectomy who underwent left upper lobectomy 2 years ago. Four cases were assisted with sleeve pneumonectomy. Three cases underwent tracheal segment resection and tracheal reconstruction. One case underwent left upper bronchial and pulmonary artery sleeve resection. One case underwent biopsy.

No surgical mortality occurred. There was 1 case of bronchopleural fistula and 1 case of empyema in the 35 cases (without sleeve lobectomy) who underwent lobectomy. There were 3 cases of bronchopleural fistula and 4 cases of empyema in the 33 cases (without sleeve pneumonectomy) who underwent pneumonectomy (P < 0.05). There were 5 cases of atelectasis in the 35 cases who underwent lobectomy and 3 cases of atelectasis in the 8 cases who underwent sleeve lobectomy (P < 0.01). In the follow-up of 3 to 10 years, 1 case died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome 7 years postoperatively.

It is important to resect all the tissue which has been infected. With the routine anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy during the perioperative period, the effect of surgical treatment is superior to others. Fewer pneumonectomy is also important.