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Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

High-Throughput DNA Plasmid Multiplexing and Transfection Using Acoustic Nanodispensing Technology
13:27

High-Throughput DNA Plasmid Multiplexing and Transfection Using Acoustic Nanodispensing Technology

Published on: August 8, 2019

Advancing microarray assembly with acoustic dispensing technology.

E Y Wong1, S L Diamond

  • 1Penn Center for Molecular Discovery, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|November 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acoustic dispensing offers a non-contact method for precise nanoliter liquid transfers in microarray assembly. This technology overcomes limitations of traditional pin-based methods, enabling efficient, targeted enzyme activation and bead suspension delivery for analytical arrays.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional microarray assembly relies on contact spotting pins, which present challenges like sample contamination and limited patterning capabilities.
  • Existing methods struggle with assembling multi-component reactions and often require lengthy wash steps, hindering efficiency.
  • Readdressing techniques for chip-based assays are rigid and lack the flexibility for advanced patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate acoustic dispensing as a non-contact alternative for nanoliter liquid transfers in microarray fabrication.
  • To demonstrate the utility of acoustic dispensing for precise, targeted delivery of reagents for enzymatic bioassays.
  • To assess the capability of acoustic dispensing for generating variable-sized spots and handling bead suspensions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized acoustic energy for non-contact nanoliter liquid transfers from open source wells.
  • Applied acoustic dispensing for drop-on-drop delivery of human cathepsin L into prespotted reaction volumes on microarrays.
  • Investigated the generation of variable spot sizes (200-750 microm) and the linear transfer of fluorescent bead suspensions at varying concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated targeted enzyme activation via drop-on-drop dispensing of human cathepsin L.
  • Achieved precise control over spot sizes, ranging from 200 to over 750 micrometers.
  • Showcased linear transfer of fluorescent bead suspensions with coefficients of variation (CVs) below 5% and no tip clogging issues.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic dispensing provides a versatile, non-contact platform for microarray assembly, avoiding drawbacks of pin-based methods.
  • The technology enables precise, spatially addressed assembly of multi-component microarrays on the nanoliter scale.
  • This method expands the available tools for creating advanced analytical arrays with improved efficiency and flexibility.