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Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
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Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors
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[Gestational microchimerism in human diseases].

Olivier Parant1, Kiarash Khosrotehrani, Sélim Aractingi

  • 1Laboratoire de physiopathologie du développement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, EA 4053, F-75012 Paris, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|November 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Microchimerism, the presence of another

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive immunology
  • Cellular biology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Microchimerism involves cells or DNA from another individual persisting within a host.
  • Pregnancy is the most common source, involving bidirectional materno-fetal cell transfer.
  • Chimeric cells can persist for decades, leading to fetal or maternal microchimerism.

Purpose:

  • To define microchimerism and explore its origins and persistence.
  • To investigate the characteristics and biological roles of microchimeric cells.
  • To examine the implications of microchimerism in maternal health and disease.

Summary:

  • Microchimerism is defined as the low-level persistence of cells or DNA from another individual, frequently originating from pregnancy.
  • Bidirectional materno-fetal cell trafficking during pregnancy results in chimeric cells that can remain for decades.

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  • While implicated in autoimmune diseases like systemic sclerosis, fetal microchimeric cells may aid in maternal tissue repair and physiological responses.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding microchimerism offers insights into maternal-fetal interactions and immune system dynamics.
    • Further research into microchimeric cell roles could reveal new therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and tissue regeneration.
    • This phenomenon highlights the complex cellular exchanges between mother and child with potential long-term health implications.