Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Andes Virus Exposure and Nosocomial Transmission Events to Healthcare Personnel: A Systematic Review.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Second interim analysis of the post-authorisation safety study (PASS) of burosumab in paediatric patients with X-linked hypophosphataemia.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Assessing burnout of pharmacist preceptors in PGY2 oncology residency programs: Results of a national survey.

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·2026
Same author

Management and risk mitigation strategies for <i>FLT3</i>-ITD+ acute myeloid leukemia: clinical utilization of quizartinib.

Leukemia & lymphoma·2026
Same author

A cartilage-targeted IGF-1-antibody fusion protein as a new therapeutic approach for IGF-1 deficiency.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

Investigational New Drug Enabling Nonclinical Study of Xenogeneic Life-Supporting Porcine Kidneys With 10 Gene Edits (10 GE) in a Nonhuman Primate Test System.

Xenotransplantation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity
11:41

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity

Published on: June 16, 2022

An extensive genetic program occurring during postnatal growth in multiple tissues.

Gabriela P Finkielstain1, Patricia Forcinito, Julian C K Lui

  • 1Developmental Endocrinology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA.

Endocrinology
|November 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian somatic growth is regulated by a postnatal gene expression program common across multiple tissues. This program slows and halts growth by down-regulating key genes, ultimately limiting adult body size.

More Related Videos

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain

Published on: July 12, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity
11:41

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity

Published on: June 16, 2022

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain

Published on: July 12, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Mammalian somatic growth is rapid post-birth, then decelerates and stops in various tissues.
  • A coordinated gene expression program may underlie this universal growth deceleration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a common postnatal gene expression program regulating growth deceleration across multiple tissues.
  • To investigate the role of specific growth-promoting genes (Igf2, Mest, Peg3) in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis to compare gene expression in mouse kidney, lung, and heart at 1 vs. 4 weeks.
  • In situ hybridization to determine gene expression patterns in specific cell types.
  • Hormonal manipulation (hypothyroidism) and growth inhibition (propylthiouracil) in rats to assess growth-driven regulation.

Main Results:

  • Over 1600 genes, including proliferation regulators, showed coordinated age-related regulation in multiple organs.
  • Key growth-promoting genes (Igf2, Mest, Peg3) were significantly down-regulated with age.
  • Declining gene expression was linked to decreased expression per cell, not fewer expressing cells.
  • The decline in gene expression was slowed by hypothyroidism and growth inhibition, indicating growth, not age, as the driver.

Conclusions:

  • An extensive postnatal gene expression program exists, coordinating growth deceleration across multiple organs.
  • This program involves genes regulating cell proliferation and appears to be negatively regulated by growth itself.
  • Growth-driven negative feedback on gene expression limits somatic growth and adult body size.