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Related Concept Videos

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...
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Stresses under Combined Loadings

When analyzing a bent tube with a circular cross-section subjected to multiple forces, it is crucial to determine the stress distribution in order to maintain structural integrity under varied load conditions.
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Structural Design and Manufacturing of a Cruiser Class Solar Vehicle
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Published on: January 30, 2019

Stress-driven buckling patterns in spheroidal core/shell structures.

Jie Yin1, Zexian Cao, Chaorong Li

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027-6699, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical forces drive the unique surface patterns on fruits and vegetables. These stress-driven buckles on spheroid systems explain the undulating topologies observed in many plants.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Botany

Background:

  • Fruits and vegetables often exhibit spheroidal shapes with complex surface topologies.
  • Understanding the formation of these natural patterns is crucial for developmental biology and materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mechanical forces in creating the surface patterns of fruits and vegetables.
  • To model the formation of topological features using core/shell systems.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating anisotropic stress-driven buckling on spheroidal core/shell systems.
  • Analyzing the influence of three key dimensionless parameters on pattern formation.

Main Results:

  • Global pattern features can be reproduced by stress-driven buckles on spheroidal systems.
  • Pattern initiation and formation are governed by size/thickness ratio, equatorial/polar radii ratio, and core/shell moduli ratio.
  • Reticular buckles replace longitudinal ridges in prolate spheroids under specific parameter conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical forces provide a potential template for the topological conformation of certain fruits and vegetables.
  • Observed patterns in fruits like melons and pumpkins may arise from spontaneous mechanical buckling.
  • While mechanics play a role, complex biological and biochemical processes are also involved.