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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Menopause01:28

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
External Female Genitals01:15

External Female Genitals

The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more pigmented, and hairless. While the...
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Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Vagina

The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Postmenopausal vulval disease.

Ann Olsson1, Priya Selva-Nayagam, Martin K Oehler

  • 1Vulval Disorders Clinic, Department of Gynaecology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia. annolsson@chariot.net.au

Menopause International
|November 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vulval diseases are common in postmenopausal women, with some conditions like lichen sclerosus being more prevalent. Accurate diagnosis and long-term surveillance are crucial due to potential malignancy risks.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Vulval diseases frequently affect postmenopausal women.
  • Certain vulval conditions, including lichen sclerosus, show increased prevalence in this demographic.
  • Co-occurrence of multiple vulval conditions is common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis for effective treatment of vulval diseases in postmenopausal women.
  • To highlight the necessity of long-term surveillance for vulval conditions with malignant potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common vulval diseases in postmenopausal women.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and strategies.
  • Emphasis on risk stratification for malignancy.

Main Results:

  • Vulval diseases are a common concern in the postmenopausal population.
  • Lichen sclerosus is a notable condition with higher incidence postmenopause.
  • The presence of multiple concurrent vulval conditions requires careful diagnostic consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is paramount for successful management of postmenopausal vulval diseases.
  • Long-term surveillance is essential for conditions carrying a risk of malignant transformation.