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A Protocol for Conducting Rainfall Simulation to Study Soil Runoff
10:35

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Published on: April 3, 2014

Fountain rainbows.

Stanley David Gedzelman1, Javier Hernández-Andrés

  • 1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology (NOAA CREST) Center, City College of New York, New York 10031, USA.

Applied Optics
|November 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reports the first measurements of rainbow radiance spectra. Researchers found specific color purities and drop sizes (0.2-0.4 mm) in artificial fountain rainbows.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric optics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Rainbows are optical phenomena caused by light interacting with water droplets.
  • Previous studies have focused on the visual appearance of rainbows, not their spectral radiance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first measurements of radiance spectra of rainbows.
  • To analyze the spectral purity and color characteristics of primary and secondary bows.
  • To determine the water droplet size based on spectral measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements were conducted on rainbows generated by a fountain with 40 spray nozzles.
  • Optical thickness of the spray was approximately 0.5.
  • Spectral purity and chromaticity curves were analyzed for primary and secondary bows.

Main Results:

  • The primary bow exhibited highest spectral purity for orange (23%) and blue (7%).
  • The secondary bow had lower color purity, with red absent and pale blue regions.
  • The absence of supernumerary bows and chromaticity curve shape indicated a drop radius between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides novel spectral data for rainbows.
  • The findings correlate spectral characteristics with water droplet size.
  • Artificial fountains can serve as controlled environments for studying rainbow optics.