Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis responds to systemic chemotherapy

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is a rare disease entity characterized by multiple peritoneal tumors composed of benign but proliferative smooth muscle cells. Surgery is the mainstay treatment for LPD. We present a 50-year-old woman who had previously undergone several surgical resections including bilateral oophorectomy for recurrent LPD. Because of progressive tumors in the peritoneum and metastatic tumors in the liver and lungs, systemic chemotherapy with doxorubicin and dacarbazine was prescribed. Objective tumor response was achieved and sustained for 1 year. This case presentation suggests that systemic chemotherapy may be considered as a treatment option for LPD patients developing unresectable or metastatic disease.