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Fentanyl Analog Screening using LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

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Firearm deaths by law enforcement.

James R Gill¹, Melissa Pasquale-Styles

¹New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner and Department of Forensic Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. jgill@ocme.nyc.gov

Journal of Forensic Sciences

|December 2, 2008

Summary

Police shootings in New York City over four years resulted in 42 deaths, with most decedents being armed males. The study examined gunshot wounds (GSWs) and circumstances surrounding these law enforcement incidents.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Pathology
Public Health
Law Enforcement Studies

Background:

Deadly force by law enforcement is a critical public concern.
Previous reports often highlight unarmed individuals or numerous gunshot wounds (GSWs).

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the characteristics of police-involved shooting deaths in New York City.
To describe the decedents, circumstances, and wound patterns in these incidents.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 42 police-involved gunshot death cases over a 4-year period in NYC.
Review of autopsy findings, toxicology reports, and incident details.

Main Results:

The average age of the 42 decedents was 31; 41 were male, and 26 were Black.
78% of decedents had ethanol and/or drugs of abuse detected.
90% of decedents were armed with firearms, knives, or other weapons; police were responding to a crime in most cases.

Conclusions:

Most police shooting deaths involve armed individuals, often with multiple GSWs.
GSWs to the torso were more likely to penetrate than perforate.
The cause and manner of death in these cases are typically apparent, differing from widely reported atypical incidents.