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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2017

Analysis of primary tooth dentin after indirect pulp capping.

Juliana J Marchi¹, Andrea M Froner, Hugo L R Alves

¹Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Journal of Dentistry for Children (Chicago, Ill.)

|December 2, 2008

Summary

Indirect pulp capping (IPC) in primary molars promotes dentin hardening and mineral gain, regardless of the capping material used. This dental treatment shows promising results for affected teeth.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Dentistry
Dental Materials Science
Cariology

Background:

Primary molar dentin affected by deep caries requires effective management.
Indirect pulp capping (IPC) is a vital procedure to preserve pulp vitality.
Evaluating dentin characteristics post-IPC is crucial for treatment success.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess primary molar dentin properties after indirect pulp capping (IPC).
To analyze changes in dentin color, consistency, and microhardness following IPC.
To compare dentin characteristics between IPC-treated teeth and control groups.

Main Methods:

Three groups were established: IPC with calcium hydroxide or resin-modified glass ionomer cement, sound molars, and deep carious lesion molars.
Cavity depths were standardized (3-4 mm) across groups.
Dentin color, consistency, and microhardness were evaluated, with microhardness data analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (P <.01).

Main Results:

Dentin in the IPC group became hard, with variations in color (yellow-clear or dark-brown).
Mean microhardness values were: IPC group (40.81 KHN), positive control (62.73 KHN), and negative control (19.15 KHN).
No statistically significant differences in microhardness were observed among the groups (P <.01).

Conclusions:

Indirect pulp capping (IPC) appears to induce mineral gain in affected primary molar dentin.
The observed mineral gain is independent of the specific protective base material used (calcium hydroxide or resin-modified glass ionomer cement).
IPC is a viable strategy for improving the quality of dentin in primary molars.