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Related Concept Videos

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...

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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

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Published on: September 20, 2019

Developing antitussives: the ideal clinical trial.

Surinder S Birring1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK. surinder.birring@kch.nhs.uk

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|December 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing new antitussive drugs requires better clinical trials. Objective measures like cough monitors and careful patient selection are key to evaluating cough treatments effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trial Design
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Antitussive drugs are widely used, but no new classes have emerged recently.
  • Clinical trials for antitussives lack objective outcome measures, hindering drug development.
  • Advances in cough assessment are crucial for improving trial design and drug innovation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of improved clinical trial methodologies for antitussive drug development.
  • To identify suitable patient populations and optimal trial designs for evaluating cough suppressants.
  • To emphasize the need for objective outcome measures in antitussive research.

Main Methods:

  • Recommends randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials as the gold standard.
  • Advocates for objective primary outcome measures, specifically utilizing cough monitors.
  • Suggests using subjective measures for symptom assessment and health-related quality of life.

Main Results:

  • Unexplained chronic cough and post-viral sub-acute cough are ideal patient groups for trials.
  • Asthma and COPD patients are less suitable due to the complexity of cough management in these conditions.
  • Objective measures are essential for validating patient benefit and advancing the antitussive market.

Conclusions:

  • Improved clinical trial design, including patient selection and objective outcome measures, is vital for antitussive drug development.
  • Careful consideration of placebo type and outcome measures can enhance trial validity and facilitate market advancement.
  • Well-designed trials will enable better evaluation of existing therapies and spur innovation in cough treatment.