Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A multi-frequency ICA-based approach for estimating voxelwise frequency difference patterns in fMRI data.

Aperture neuro·2025
Same author

Professional challenges faced by student radiographers during COVID-19.

Radiography (London, England : 1995)·2025
Same author

Effects of estradiol administration on brain activation and anhedonia in perimenopausal women: A pharmaco-fMRI study.

Journal of affective disorders·2025
Same author

MIR137 polygenic risk for schizophrenia and ephrin-regulated pathway: Role in lateral ventricles and corpus callosum volume.

International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP·2024
Same author

Identifying canonical and replicable multi-scale intrinsic connectivity networks in 100k+ resting-state fMRI datasets.

Human brain mapping·2023
Same author

Spatial Dynamic Subspaces Encode Sex-Specific Schizophrenia Disruptions in Transient Network Overlap and its Links to Genetic Risk.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Working memory and DLPFC inefficiency in schizophrenia: the FBIRN study.

S G Potkin1, J A Turner, G G Brown

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA. sgpotkin@uci.edu

Schizophrenia Bulletin
|December 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients show inefficient dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) function during working memory tasks, indicated by increased brain activity. This suggests DLPFC inefficiency, not just altered activity, is key to understanding schizophrenia's cognitive challenges.

More Related Videos

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
16:08

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
16:08

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Published on: February 1, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Previous studies on chronic schizophrenia and working memory show mixed findings of prefrontal cortex (PFC) hyperactivity or hypoactivity.
  • The Functional Imaging Biomedical Informatics Network (FIBIN) is developing methods for multisite functional imaging studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate working memory function in chronic schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To examine dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity patterns during a working memory task in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 128 individuals with chronic schizophrenia and 128 matched healthy controls from 10 US universities.
  • Utilized fMRI to measure brain activity (BOLD signal) in the DLPFC during the Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm with varying memory loads (1, 3, 5 items).
  • Analyzed mean BOLD signal change in the DLPFC during encoding and retrieval phases, considering performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with schizophrenia performed worse on the working memory task, with greater accuracy decreases and reaction time increases as memory load rose.
  • The schizophrenic group exhibited significantly greater mean BOLD signal in the DLPFC compared to controls, especially at intermediate memory loads.
  • Even when matched for accuracy, individuals with schizophrenia showed a hyperresponse in the DLPFC, suggesting inefficient neural processing.

Conclusions:

  • The heightened BOLD signal change in the DLPFC from minimal to moderate memory loads was more pronounced in individuals with schizophrenia.
  • This DLPFC hyperresponse persisted after controlling for covariates, supporting the hypothesis of inefficient DLPFC function in schizophrenia during working memory.
  • Findings suggest DLPFC inefficiency, rather than simple hypo- or hyperactivity, is a more accurate model for understanding cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, shifting research focus to neural mechanisms of inefficiency.