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Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
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Human endothelial function and microvascular ageing.

Phillip E Gates1, W David Strain, Angela C Shore

  • 1Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Peninsula Medical School (Exeter), Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Wonford), Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX25AX, UK. phillip.gates@pms.ac.uk

Experimental Physiology
|December 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular health declines with age due to impaired vascular endothelial function, starting even in childhood. This impacts microvessel function throughout life, contributing to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Aging Research
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Age is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a growing public health issue due to aging populations.
  • Reduced vascular endothelial function is a key aspect of cardiovascular aging, impacting microvessel function across various vascular beds.
  • Impaired microvessel function is implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the onset and progression of altered endothelial and microvessel function across the human lifespan.
  • To explore the relationship between early life factors, lifestyle, and cardiovascular aging.
  • To identify potential mechanisms underlying age-associated microvessel dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature and evidence.
  • Analysis of studies examining endothelial and microvessel function from infancy to adulthood.
  • Consideration of biological and lifestyle factors influencing microvessel function.

Main Results:

  • Altered endothelial and microvessel function can manifest in childhood, with low-birth-weight infants showing reduced function early on.
  • Overweight/obese adolescents with cardiovascular risk factors exhibit reduced endothelial function, persisting into early adulthood.
  • Adult aging is characterized by impaired microvessel endothelial function and increased capillary blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular aging and associated microvessel dysfunction begin early in life and continue throughout the lifespan.
  • Factors such as birth weight, obesity, adiposity, hormones, diet, and physical activity influence microvessel function.
  • Mechanisms may involve complex pathways including nitric oxide, prostanoids, and endothelin-1, requiring further investigation.