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Activation of complement during apheresis.

G Hetland1, T E Mollnes, P Garred

  • 1Department of Immunology, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|June 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Complement activation was observed in Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) patients during plasmapheresis, likely due to replacement plasma. Healthy donors showed no significant complement activation, indicating material biocompatibility.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Complement activation products and terminal complement complex (TCC) are key indicators of immune response.
  • Plasmapheresis and cytapheresis are procedures involving blood component removal and replacement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate complement activation during apheresis procedures in patients and healthy donors.
  • To assess the biocompatibility of apheresis materials concerning complement activation.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected from patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), Waldenström's syndrome, and hypercholesterolaemia undergoing plasmapheresis.
  • Samples were also collected from healthy platelet and granulocyte donors undergoing cytapheresis.
  • Levels of C3 activation products and TCC were measured before, during, and after apheresis procedures.

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Main Results:

  • Significant complement activation was detected post-apheresis in GBS patients and one Waldenström's syndrome patient.
  • No significant complement activation was observed in other patients or in healthy donors after cytapheresis.
  • This suggests the apheresis materials are biocompatible, and patient complement activation may stem from replacement plasma.

Conclusions:

  • Apheresis materials demonstrate good biocompatibility regarding complement activation in healthy individuals.
  • Complement activation observed in some patients during plasmapheresis may be attributed to the replacement plasma used.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand complement activation mechanisms during therapeutic apheresis in specific patient populations.