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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Standardization of Transfer across Labs between Flow Cytometers for Detection of Lymphocytes in Japanese Encephalitis Vaccinated Children
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Standardization of Transfer across Labs between Flow Cytometers for Detection of Lymphocytes in Japanese Encephalitis Vaccinated Children

Published on: February 10, 2023

Disparity in childhood immunizations.

Mark Lemstra1, Cory Neudorf, Johnmark Opondo

  • 1Saskatoon Health Region.

Paediatrics & Child Health
|December 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Child immunization rates in low-income Saskatoon neighborhoods are half those in affluent areas. Low income and other cultural status are key factors, not Aboriginal status alone, impacting vaccination coverage.

Keywords:
ChildrenEthnologyImmunizationSocial class

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Published on: July 9, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Incomplete childhood immunization coverage is a significant public health concern, disproportionately affecting low-income families and Aboriginal children in Canada.
  • Understanding geographic and socioeconomic disparities in vaccination rates is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether child immunization coverage rates at two years of age were lower in low-income neighborhoods of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
  • To identify factors associated with incomplete immunization in these areas.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study analyzing immunization records in low-income versus affluent neighborhoods in Saskatoon.
  • Parental surveys were conducted to assess knowledge, beliefs, perceived barriers, and potential solutions related to immunization.
  • Multivariate regression analysis was employed to examine the association between Aboriginal cultural status, low-income status, and immunization coverage.

Main Results:

  • Complete immunization coverage for measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-polio-Haemophilus influenzae type B (DPT-IPV-Hib) was significantly lower in low-income neighborhoods (43.7% and 42.6%, respectively) compared to affluent neighborhoods (90.6% and 78.6%, respectively).
  • Parents with incomplete immunization coverage were more likely to be single, of Aboriginal or other cultural status, have lower family income, and report different beliefs and barriers.
  • After controlling for income status, Aboriginal cultural status was not independently associated with lower immunization rates.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood immunization coverage rates in Saskatoon's low-income neighborhoods were approximately half those in affluent areas.
  • Low income and 'other' cultural status (non-Caucasian, non-Aboriginal) were the strongest independent predictors of incomplete childhood immunization.
  • Public health strategies should prioritize addressing socioeconomic factors and cultural considerations beyond Aboriginal status to improve vaccination equity.