Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

FIRST-seq: a nanopore-based cDNA sequencing platform for RNA modification and structure profiling.

Genome biology·2026
Same author

Deep learning of 777 K bulk transcriptomes reveals human-mouse gene conservation beyond DNA sequence similarity.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates cell cycle progression in diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and confers sensitivity to FTO inhibition.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Pervasive Transcription in the Human Genome Exceeds Background Noise.

Genome biology and evolution·2026
Same author

The Gender Euphoria Scale (GES): Development of a tool to measure gender euphoria.

International journal of transgender health·2026
Same author

Operationalising social transition in trans and gender diverse youth: a scoping review of definitions and measures.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same journal

Detection, communication, and individual identification with deep audio embeddings: A case study with North Atlantic right whales.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Exploring the structural lexicon of the Proteome via Metric Geometry.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Linking retinal sampling in neural encoding models to temporal profiles of visual processing in humans.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

CAdir: Joint clustering of cells and genes for single-cell transcriptomics with visualization-driven cluster quality assessment.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Systematic design of auxotrophic strains and media conditions to probe metabolic functions in E. coli.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Neuronal excitability and parameter variability in the Hodgkin-Huxley model.

PLoS computational biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

Differentiating protein-coding and noncoding RNA: challenges and ambiguities.

Marcel E Dinger1, Ken C Pang, Tim R Mercer

  • 1ARC Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.

Plos Computational Biology
|December 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distinguishing between protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is complex. Recent findings reveal a hidden transcriptome, challenging traditional classifications and highlighting overlapping functions.

More Related Videos

Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
10:34

Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture

Published on: July 22, 2016

An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes
09:45

An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes

Published on: August 18, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
10:34

Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture

Published on: July 22, 2016

An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes
09:45

An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes

Published on: August 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • For decades, RNA molecules were categorized as either protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • This binary classification was based on straightforward identification methods for well-characterized RNAs like ribosomal and transfer RNAs.
  • Recent genome-wide studies have uncovered a vast 'hidden transcriptome' of numerous ncRNAs with unknown functions, complicating this established view.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse strategies for discriminating between protein-coding and noncoding RNA transcripts.
  • To address the inherent difficulties and complexities in RNA classification.
  • To explore the implications of overlapping functions and misannotations in RNA categorization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and genome-wide studies on RNA classification.
  • Analysis of strategies used to distinguish between mRNA and ncRNA.
  • Examination of evidence for overlapping functions and misannotations.

Main Results:

  • The distinction between mRNAs and ncRNAs is not always clear-cut, with thousands of newly discovered ncRNAs.
  • Misannotations occur in both directions: some ncRNAs may encode peptides, and some presumed coding RNAs may not.
  • Some RNA transcripts exhibit dual functionality, acting as both mRNAs and intrinsic functional ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Unequivocal annotation of RNA as solely protein-coding or noncoding is challenging due to overlapping transcripts.
  • The dichotomy between mRNAs and ncRNAs is potentially false, as some transcripts serve dual roles.
  • The functional potential of any RNA transcript at the RNA level should not be overlooked.