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Related Concept Videos

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic &#8216;Touch DNA&#8217; Evidence
11:49

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Published on: March 9, 2015

[DNA amplification on chemically structured chips in forensic STR analysis].

Ulrike Schmidt1, Carsten Proff, Peter M Schneider

  • 1Aus dem Institut für Rechtsmedizin am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg.

Archiv Fur Kriminologie
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-volume amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs) offers a promising, cost-effective method for forensic DNA analysis. While effective for standard samples, challenges arise with low copy number DNA and mixture analysis.

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A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis
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Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Genetic Variation in a Sporadic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patient Using the Chip-in-a-tube Format
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Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Genetic Variation in a Sporadic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patient Using the Chip-in-a-tube Format

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic &#8216;Touch DNA&#8217; Evidence
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05:58

Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Genetic Variation in a Sporadic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patient Using the Chip-in-a-tube Format

Published on: August 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Forensic DNA analysis relies on amplifying short tandem repeats (STRs).
  • Traditional methods often require larger reaction volumes.
  • Advancements in microfluidics enable low-volume amplification strategies.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of low-volume amplification (1-microL reactions) for forensic STR typing.
  • To assess the performance of various commercial STR kits using this method.
  • To identify limitations and advantages of low-volume amplification in forensic casework.

Summary:

  • Low-volume amplification using a microchip format was tested with standard forensic samples and commercial STR kits.
  • Sensitivity, mixture analysis, robustness, and technical performance were evaluated.
  • Results indicate promise for cost reduction and efficiency, but challenges exist for low copy number (LCN) DNA and mixture samples.

Impact:

  • Low-volume amplification presents a cost-effective and potentially more sensitive tool for forensic DNA typing.
  • Potential issues include increased artefacts, locus imbalance, and dropout in LCN and mixture analyses.
  • Further optimization is needed to overcome limitations for challenging forensic samples.