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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Novel angular encoder for a quick-extended x-ray absorption fine structure monochromator.

J Stötzel1, D Lützenkirchen-Hecht, E Fonda

  • 1Fachbereich C, Physik Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany. j.stoetzel@uni-wuppertal.de

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New concepts for time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (QEXAFS) enable sub-second structural insights into fast chemical reactions. This advancement utilizes a novel monochromator design and simultaneous data acquisition for enhanced speed and accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy provides crucial structural dynamics information.
  • Quick-Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (QEXAFS) offers a pathway for sub-second measurements.
  • Existing QEXAFS methods face limitations in speed and energy scale accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present novel concepts for time-resolved QEXAFS.
  • To enhance the speed and accuracy of QEXAFS measurements.
  • To enable structural analysis of rapid dynamic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new monochromator design with a channel-cut crystal on a cam-driven tilt table for rapid angular oscillations.
  • Implementation of a new angular encoder system for precise Bragg angle measurement.
  • Introduction of a new data acquisition system for simultaneous recording of angular and absorption data.
  • Design of new electronics for high-speed data capture.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of rapid angular oscillations of the monochromator.
  • Characterization of a new angular encoder system for accurate energy scale determination.
  • Successful acquisition of QEXAFS spectra with a directly measured, accurate energy scale.
  • Simultaneous acquisition of Bragg angle and absorption data achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The presented concepts significantly advance time-resolved QEXAFS capabilities.
  • The novel monochromator design and data acquisition system allow for sub-second structural analysis.
  • This methodology provides a powerful tool for studying fast chemical reactions and phase transitions.