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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
09:40

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

Published on: August 26, 2010

Single-chip detector for electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

T Yalcin1, G Boero

  • 1Hochschule für Technik und Architektur Luzern (HTA), 6048 Horw, Switzerland.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an integrated detector for electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. This novel silicon chip achieves high spin sensitivity at room temperature for advanced magnetic field sensing applications.

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Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
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Published on: September 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
09:40

Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

Published on: August 26, 2010

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo
08:01

Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Opens New Avenues for Imaging Physiologically Important Parameters In Vivo

Published on: September 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying materials with unpaired electrons.
  • Conventional ESR systems often require bulky and expensive equipment, limiting their accessibility.
  • Miniaturization of ESR detectors is crucial for developing portable and cost-effective devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative, integrated detector for electron spin resonance spectroscopy.
  • To demonstrate a novel detection method based on frequency variation of an integrated LC oscillator.
  • To achieve high spin sensitivity at room temperature using a compact microsystem.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of an LC oscillator, mixer, and frequency division module onto a single silicon chip using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
  • Detection principle based on measuring the frequency shift of the LC oscillator due to sample resonance over the inductor.
  • Characterization of room temperature spin sensitivity and sensitive volume.

Main Results:

  • Successful realization of a single-chip integrated detector for ESR spectroscopy.
  • Achieved a room temperature spin sensitivity of approximately 10(10) spins/GHz^(1/2).
  • Demonstrated a sensitive volume of about (100 micrometers)^3.

Conclusions:

  • The developed integrated detector represents a significant advancement in ESR spectroscopy technology.
  • The microsystem offers high performance in a compact form factor, enabling new applications.
  • This technology paves the way for more accessible and portable ESR measurement systems.