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Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

Mass Analyzers: Overview

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis of Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media through an Inter-Laboratory Comparison

Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis of Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media through an Inter-Laboratory Comparison

Published on: October 20, 2020

Time-of-flight neutral particle analyzer and calibration.

W S Harris¹, E P Garate, W W Heidbrink

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|December 3, 2008

Summary

A new time-of-flight diagnostic was developed for the Irvine Field Reversed Configuration (IFRC) to measure neutral hydrogen energy distributions. This advancement provides crucial data for understanding plasma behavior in fusion research.

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Published on: June 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Fusion Energy Research
Diagnostic Techniques

Background:

Understanding plasma properties is crucial for magnetic confinement fusion.
The Irvine Field Reversed Configuration (IFRC) requires advanced diagnostics for characterization.
Neutral particle analyzers are essential for measuring ion energy distributions in fusion devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To implement and validate a time-of-flight diagnostic for the IFRC.
To obtain the energy distribution function of charge-exchanged neutral hydrogen.
To assess the diagnostic's performance and accuracy.

Main Methods:

A time-of-flight diagnostic was designed and installed on the IFRC.
A rotating slotted disk (13 cm radius, 165 Hz) chopped neutral particle emission at 26 kHz.
In situ timing verification used a xenon lamp (uncertainty < 100 ns).
Energy calibration was performed using a lithium ion source (300-1500 eV).

Main Results:

The diagnostic successfully measured neutral particles in the 20-80 eV energy range.
An energy distribution function for neutrals emitted from the IFRC was obtained.
The diagnostic achieved an average energy uncertainty (ΔE/E) of 0.11.

Conclusions:

The developed time-of-flight diagnostic is effective for measuring neutral hydrogen energy distributions in the IFRC.
The diagnostic provides valuable data for plasma physics studies in reversed field configurations.
This technique enhances the capability for in-situ plasma characterization in fusion devices.