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Related Concept Videos

Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study
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Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published on: July 21, 2021

Neuronal synchrony: peculiarity and generality.

Thomas Nowotny1, Ramon Huerta, Mikhail I Rabinovich

  • 1Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics, Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom. t.nowotny@sussex.ac.uk

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Neuronal systems exhibit complex dynamics, making synchronization challenging. This review explores novel synchronization problems in neuronal networks, including plastic synapses and mesoscopic scales.

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Perspectives on Neuroscience
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Published on: July 31, 2007

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26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Dynamical Systems Theory
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuronal systems are complex, multidimensional nonlinear systems with diverse activity patterns like spiking and bursting.
  • Neuronal oscillations often arise from cooperative activity within synaptically connected neuronal circuits.
  • Synapses, as dynamical elements, significantly influence neuronal synchronization and entrainment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel challenges and applications of synchronization in neuronal systems.
  • To explore synchronization phenomena in minimal neuronal networks with activity-dependent plastic synapses.
  • To investigate burst synchronization in inhibitory neuronal networks and partial synchronization in coupled networks.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of synchronization in minimal neuronal networks with plastic synapses.
  • Study of heteroclinic synchronization in nonsymmetrically coupled inhibitory neurons.
  • Examination of partial synchronization in coupled neuronal networks.
  • Investigation of coarse-grained synchronization in larger neuronal systems.

Main Results:

  • Synchronization in neuronal systems presents unique challenges due to neuronal complexity and synaptic dynamics.
  • Activity-dependent coupling in plastic synapses introduces new synchronization behaviors.
  • Heterogeneous coupling can lead to complex burst synchronization patterns.
  • Partial and mesoscopic synchronization reveal coordination mechanisms in larger neuronal assemblies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding synchronization in neuronal systems requires considering neuron, network, and synapse dynamics.
  • Novel synchronization paradigms are crucial for comprehending complex brain functions.
  • This review highlights key areas for future research in neuronal synchronization.