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Surface instability of sheared soft tissues.

M Destrade1, M D Gilchrist, D A Prikazchikov

  • 1School of Electrical, Electronic, and Mechanical Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

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Biological soft tissues wrinkle under shear due to collagen fibers. Adding fibers to elasticity models shows they can either stabilize or destabilize tissue surfaces, depending on fiber orientation and stiffness.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Elastomers maintain flat surfaces under shear, unlike soft biological tissues which exhibit surface buckling.
  • Soft tissues contain oriented collagen fiber bundles embedded in an elastin matrix, influencing their mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the surface instability of soft tissues under shear.
  • To model the effect of collagen fiber orientation and stiffness on tissue surface buckling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the incompressible neo-Hookean model for isotropic nonlinear elasticity.
  • Incorporated a family of parallel fibers into the elasticity model to simulate collagen bundles.
  • Analyzed the influence of fiber angle and stiffness ratio (E/μ) on surface instability.

Main Results:

  • The basic neo-Hookean model predicts surface instability only at very large shear angles (>72°).
  • The presence of fibers significantly alters surface stability, potentially reinforcing or weakening the tissue.
  • Instability is pronounced when shear is applied 'against' the fiber direction.
  • Increased fiber stiffness ratio (E/μ) broadens the range of angles leading to early instability.

Conclusions:

  • Collagen fiber orientation and stiffness are critical factors in soft tissue surface stability under shear.
  • The fiber reinforcement/weakening effect is dependent on the relative angle between fibers and shear direction.
  • Modeling with anisotropic fibers provides crucial insights into the mechanical behavior of biological soft tissues.