A note on determination of the diffuse-field sensitivity of microphones using the reciprocity technique

The diffuse-field response of a microphone is usually obtained by adding a random-incidence correction to the pressure response of the microphone. However, the random-incidence correction is determined from a relative measurement, and its accuracy depends not only on the relative response at all angles of incidence but also on the accuracy of the frequency response at normal incidence. By contrast, this paper is concerned with determining the absolute diffuse-field response of a microphone using the reciprocity technique. To examine this possibility, a reciprocity calibration setup is used for measuring the electrical transfer impedance between a pair of microphones placed in a miniature (2 m(3)) reverberation room. The transfer function between the microphones is measured using fast Fourier transform analysis and pseudorandom noise. The calculation of the diffuse-field sensitivity involves (a) separation of the reverberant response from the total response, (b) determination of the reverberation time, and (c) averaging over space and frequency. The resulting diffuse-field correction is compared with an estimate of the random-incidence correction determined in an anechoic room and with a numerical prediction.